Spaces for deliberation: Eight spatial qualities for designing deliberative assemblies

Study with helpful insights for designing inclusive, flexible spaces for citizens’ assemblies and deliberative processes.

This paper explores how physical and digital environments shape the experience and effectiveness of citizens’ assemblies. Drawing on interviews with practitioners from six countries, the study identifies eight key spatial qualities—lighting, acoustics, proximity, cultural anchoring, accessibility, atmosphere, flexibility, and technology integration—that support inclusive, meaningful, and well-facilitated deliberation. It is a practical and reflective resource for anyone involved in organizing democratic innovations, particularly valuable for schools, municipalities, or institutions seeking to create welcoming, empowering spaces for public dialogue and collective decision-making.

Source: DEMNEXT
Author information: Gustav Kjær Vad Nielsen &
James MacDonald-Nelson
Language: English

Year of publication: 2025